Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD)

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD or TMJ/Jaw)

Temporomandibular joint disorders refer to a group of conditions that affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which is the joint that connects your mandible to the temporal bones of your skull. This joint is essential for various activities like speaking, chewing, and yawning. TMJ disorders can cause pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint and the muscles that control jaw movement. It is essential for individuals experiencing symptoms of TMJ disorders to seek professional evaluation and guidance for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Certified Cervical and Temporomandibular therapists have completed post-graduate training and certification in TMD and cervical therapeutics.

Read more about TMD and the certification process at www.ptbcct.org

Here are some key points about TMJ disorders:

  1. Causes: The exact cause of TMJ disorders can be challenging to determine, but several factors may contribute, including jaw injury, arthritis, genetics, orthodontic treatment or habits like grinding teeth (bruxism) and clenching.

  2. Symptoms:

    Common Symptoms of TMD/Orofacial Pain:

    • Jaw/Facial Pain/Tension with or without discomfort while chewing

    • Neck Pain/Tension

    • Jaw Joint Problems - clicking or popping sounds when opening or closing the mouth, and locking of the jaw

    • Temporal Headaches

    Less Commonly Seen Symptoms:

    • Tinnitus (Ringing in the Ears)

    • Sensation of Ear Fullness

    • Ear Pain

    • Sensitivity to Sound (Hyper-aucusis)

    • Dental Pain

    • Sinus Pain/Pressure

    • Sharp/Stabbing/Burning Pain in the Face/Head

  3. Diagnosis: Diagnosing TMJ disorders involves a thorough examination of the jaw, neck and the surrounding soft tissues. MRI scans may be used to get a detailed view of the joint.

  4. Treatment: Treatment for TMJ disorders can vary based on the severity of symptoms and the underlying causes. Conservative measures include learning self-care priniciples for the jaw such as learning how to relax the muscles and may include temporary lifestyle modifications such soft diet, avoiding larger mouth openings and avoiding chewing gum. Directed manual therapy (joint and soft tissue mobilizations), IMS/dry needling and exercise prescription can be incorporated into the treatment plan. In some cases, dental devices such as mouthguards may be recommended to manage symptoms.

  5. Stress Management: Stress is often associated with TMJ disorders. It can contribute to clenching and grinding of teeth and sensitize information to and from the brain that can contribute to increasing muscle tension. Stress management techniques, diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation exercises, may be beneficial in managing symptoms.

  6. Dental Involvement: Dentists and oral health specialists are often involved in the management of TMJ disorders. Our therapists involve the dentists/specialists in the treatment plan of our TMD patients. Dental treatments may include orthodontic procedures, or the use of dental appliances such as a mouthguard.